Street Gangs are located throughout the United States, and their memberships vary in number, racial and ethnic composition, and structure. Large national street gangs pose the greatest threat because they smuggle, produce, transport, and distribute large quantities of illicit drugs throughout the country and are extremely violent.
Local street gangs in rural, suburban and urban areas pose a steadily increasing threat, transporting and distributing drugs within specific areas. The local street gangs often imitate the larger, more powerful national gangs in order to gain respect from their rivals.
Street Gangs will continue to pose a serious domestic threat to many communities throughout the United States. In the long term it is highly probable that United States based street gangs will increase their role in trafficking drugs, particularly involving the smuggling of drugs into the United States from international sources of supply.
Furthermore, it is highly probable that several United States based street gangs will increase their relationships with international criminal organizations and drug-trafficking organizations (DTOs) as a means of obtaining access to the global illicit drug market. The following are some of the more prominent criminal street gangs currently operating in the United States.
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(January 2017) A gang is a group of associates, friends or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior. Some criminal gang members are ' (by going through a process of initiation), or they have to prove their loyalty and right to belong by committing certain acts, usually theft or violence. A member of a gang may be called a, a gang banger, or, less specifically, a thug. A number of gangs have gained notoriety throughout history, including the, the, the, the, the, the, the in Japan, the in China, the gangs of New England, the Jamaican and, the African-American and, Latino gangs such as, and biker gangs like. Gangsters fight police. Paris, 1904 In discussing the in American history suggests that gangsterism as a 'form of self-help which victimizes others' may appear in societies which lack strong 'forces of '; he characterizes European as 'mainly gangsterism that had become society itself and acquired respectability through the notions of chivalry'. A wide variety of gangs, such as, the, 's gang, 's Villistas, Chasers, the, and have existed for centuries.
According to some estimates the gangs in India murdered 1 million people between 1740 and 1840. The 17th century saw London 'terrorized by a series of organized gangs', some of them known as the Mims, Hectors, Bugles, and Dead Boys.
These gangs often came into conflict with each other. Members dressed in the following way: 'with colored ribbons to distinguish the different factions.' Had over 1,000 gangs in the 1920s. These early gangs had reputations for many criminal activities, but in most countries could not profit from prior to drugs being made by laws such as the 1912 and the 1919. Gang involvement in drug trafficking increased during the 1970s and 1980s, but some gangs continue to have minimal involvement in the trade. In the United States, the history of gangs began on the East Coast in 1783 following the American Revolution.
The emergence of the gangs was largely attributed to the vast rural population immigration to the urban areas. The first street-gang in the United States, the, began around the late 1820s in. The gangs in had control of what is now, in a region then known as. Current numbers. Further information: In 2007, there were approximately 785,000 active street gang members in the United States, according to the National Youth Gang Center. In 2011, the National Gang Intelligence Center of the Federal Bureau of Investigation asserted that 'There are approximately 1.4 million active street, prison, and gang members comprising more than 33,500 gangs in the United States.'
Approximately 230,000 gang members were in U.S. Prisons or jails in 2011.
According to the Chicago Crime Commission publication, 'The Gang Book 2012', Chicago has the highest number of gang members of any city in the United States: 150,000 members. Traditionally has been considered the Gang Capital of America, with an estimated 120,000 (41,000 in the ) gang members. There were at least 30,000 gangs and 800,000 gang members active across the USA in 2007. About 900,000 gang members lived 'within local communities across the country,' and about 147,000 were in U.S. Prisons or jails in 2009. By 1999, accounted for 47% of all gang members, 31%, 13%, and 7%. In December 13, 2009, published an article about growing gang violence on the and estimated that there were 39 gangs with 5,000 members on that reservation alone.
There are between 25,000 and 50,000 gang members in Central America's. More than 1,800 gangs were known to be operating in the in 2011. The estimates that the four groups active in the United States have 25,000 members in total. The, and other former Soviet organized crime groups or ' have many members and associates affiliated with their various sorts of organized crime, but no statistics are available. The are among one of the largest criminal organizations in the world. As of 2005, there are some 102,400 known members in.
's include up to 160,000 members in the 21st century. It was estimated that in the 1950s, there were 300,000 Triad members in. Notable examples.
A gang member with a tattoo showing his gang membership Perhaps one of the most infamous criminal gangs are the Sicilian and the Italian-American. The Neapolitan, the Calabrian and the Apulian are similar organized gangs. Other criminal gangs include the, Mexican, Colombian, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the Puerto Rican Mafia, Nuestra familia, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Jamaican-British, the Haitian gang, and other crime syndicates. On a lower level in the hierarchy of criminal gangs are street gangs in the United States (mostly branches of larger criminal gangs). Examples include:. Black gangs like the and the.
National origin and/or racial gangs like the, and. Biker gangs such as the, the, the, and the, known as the 'Big Four'. Types and structure.
Gang member showing his gang tattoo, a lion with a crown, and signifying the 5 point star with his hands Many types of gangs make up the general structure of an organized group. There are street gangs, with members of similar background and motivations. The term 'street gang' is commonly used interchangeably with 'youth gang', referring to neighborhood or street-based youth groups that meet 'gang' criteria. Miller (1992) defines a street gang as 'a self-formed association of peers, united by mutual interests, with identifiable leadership and internal organization, who act collectively or as individuals to achieve specific purposes, including the conduct of illegal activity and control of a particular territory, facility, or enterprise.' Understanding the structure of gangs is a critical skill to defining the types of strategies that are most effective with dealing with them, from the at-risk youth to the gang leaders. Not all individuals who display the outward signs of gang membership are actually involved in criminal activities. An individual's age, physical structure, ability to fight, willingness to commit violence, and arrest record are often principal factors in determining where an individual stands in the gang hierarchy; now money derived from criminal activity and ability to provide for the gang also impacts the individual's status within the gang.
The structure of gangs varies depending primarily on size, which can range from five or ten to thousands. Many of the larger gangs break up into smaller groups, cliques or sub-sets. The cliques typically bring more territory to a gang as they expand and recruit new members.
Most gangs operate informally with leadership falling to whomever takes control; others have distinct leadership and are highly structured, which resembles more or less a business or corporation. Are groups in prison or correctional institution for mutual protection and advancement. Prison gangs often have several 'affiliates' or 'chapters' in different state prison systems that branch out due to the movement or transfer of their members. The 2005 study neither War nor Peace: International Comparisons of Children and Youth in Organized Armed Violence studied ten cities worldwide and found that in eight of them, 'street gangs had strong links to prison gangs'.
According to criminal justice professor, many of the biggest gangs from Chicago originated from prisons. From the originated the Conservative Vice Lords and Blackstone Rangers. Although the majority of gang leaders from Chicago are now incarcerated, most of those leaders continue to manage their gangs from within prison.
Criminal gangs may function both inside and outside of prison, such as the, and the Brazilian. During the 1970s, prison gangs in, began recruiting street gang members from outside and helped increase associations between prison and street gangs. In the USA, the prison gang the is involved in organized crime outside of prison. Involvement Matthew O'Deane has identified five primary steps of gang involvement applicable to the majority of gangs in the world; at risk, associates, members, hardcore members, and leaders. The notorious big ready to die album download zip. Gang leaders are the upper echelons of the gang's command. This gang member is probably the oldest in the posse, likely has the smallest criminal record, and they often have the power to direct the gang's activity, whether they are involved or not. In many jurisdictions, this person is likely a prison gang member calling the shots from within the prison system or is on parole.
Often, they distance themselves from the street gang activities and make attempts to appear legitimate, possibly operating a business that they run as a front for the gang's drug dealing or other illegal operations. Membership The numerous push factors experienced by at-risk individuals vary situationally, but follow a common theme of the desire for power, respect, money, and protection. These desires are very influential in attracting individuals to join gangs, and their influence is particularly strong on at-risk youth. Such individuals are often experiencing low levels of these various factors in their own lives, feeling ostracized from their community and lacking social support.
Joining a gang may appear to them to be the only way to obtain status and success; they may feel that 'if you can't beat 'em, join 'em'. Upon joining a gang, they instantly gain a feeling of belonging and identity; they are surrounded with individuals whom they can relate to.
They have generally grown up in the same area as one another and can bond over similar needs. In some areas, joining a gang is an integrated part of the growing-up process. Gang membership is generally maintained by gangs as a lifetime commitment, reinforced through identification such as tattoos, and ensured through intimidation and coercion. Gang defectors are often subject to retaliation from the deserted gang. Many gangs, including foreign and transnational gangs, hold that the only way to leave the gang is through death.
This is sometimes informally called the 'morgue rule'. Gang membership represents the phenomenon of a chronic group; accordingly, the criminality of members is greater when they belong to the gang than when they are not in the gang—either before or after being in the gang. In addition, when together, the gang criminality as a whole is greater than that of its members when they are alone. The gang operates as a whole greater than its parts and influences the behavior of its members in the direction of greater extend and stronger degree of criminality. Some states have a formal process to establish that a person is a member of a gang, called. Once a person is a validated as a gang member, the person is subject to increased sentences, harsher punishments (such as solitary confinement) and more restrictive parole rules. To validate a person as a gang member, the officials generally must provide evidence of several factors, such as tattoos, photographs, admissions, clothing, etc.
The legal requirements for validating a person are much lower than the requirements for convicting of a crime. Non-member women in gang culture Women associated with gangs but who lack membership are typically categorized based on their relation to gang members.
A survey of Mexican American gang members and associates defined these categories as girlfriends, hoodrats, good girls, and relatives. Girlfriends are longterm partners of male gang members, and may have children with them. Hoodrats are seen as being promiscuous and heavy drug and alcohol users. Gang members may engage in casual sex with these girls, but they are not viewed as potential longterm partners and are severely stigmatized by both men and women in gang culture. Good girls are long term friends of members, often from childhood, and relatives are typically sisters or cousins.
These are fluid categories, and women often change status as they move between them. Valdez found that women with ties to gang members are often used to hold illegal weapons and drugs, typically, because members believe the girls are less likely to be searched by police for such items. Typical activities.
Suspect bearing gang tattoos is handcuffed. In 2004, the created the National Gang Task Force to combat gang activity in the United States. A year later, the FBI helped create. The estimates that gangs make most of their money through the, which is thought to be worth $352 billion in total. The estimates there are approximately 30,000 gangs, with 760,000 members, impacting 2,500 communities across the United States. Gangs are involved in all areas of street-crime activities like, drug trafficking, both in and outside the prison system, and.
Gangs also victimize individuals by and. Is the primary drug of distribution by gangs in America, which have used the cities, and to transport drugs internationally. Brazilian urbanization has driven the drug trade to the of Rio. Often, gangs hire 'lookouts' to warn members of upcoming law enforcement. The dense environments of favelas in Rio and public housing projects in Chicago have helped gang members hide from police easily.
Street gangs take over territory or 'turf' in a particular city and are often involved in ', often a thin cover for extortion, as the 'protection' is usually from the gang itself, or in other criminal activity. Many gangs use to demonstrate influence and gain revenue in a particular area. Gang violence. Main articles: and Gang violence refers mostly to the illegal and non-political acts of violence perpetrated by gangs against civilians, other gangs, law enforcement officers, firefighters, or military personnel. Throughout history, such acts have been committed by gangs at all levels of organization. Modern gangs introduced new acts of violence, which may also function as a rite of passage for new gang members.
In 2006, 58 percent of L.A.' S murders were gang-related. Reports of gang-related homicides are concentrated mostly in the largest cities in the United States, where there are long-standing and persistent gang problems and a greater number of documented gang members—most of whom are identified by law enforcement. There have been reports of racially motivated attacks against African Americans. Members of the gang, associated with the, were indicted in 2011 for harassing and intimidating black people in Southern California. Gang-related activity and violence has increased along the U.S.
Southwest border region, as US-based gangs act as enforcers for Mexican. A gang war is a type of small war that occurs when two gangs end up in a feud over territory. Sexual violence Women in gang culture are often in environments where sexual assault is common and considered to be a norm. Women who attend social gatherings and parties with heavy drug and alcohol use are particularly likely to be assaulted. A girl who becomes intoxicated and flirts with men is often seen as 'asking for it' and is written off as a 'ho' by men and women. 'Hoodrats' and girls associated with rival gangs have lower status at these social events, and are victimized when members view them as fair game and other women rationalize assault against them.
Motives Usually, gangs have gained the most control in poorer, urban communities and in response to unemployment and other services. Social disorganization, and the disintegration of societal institutions such as family, school, and the public safety net, enable groups of peers to form gangs. According to surveys conducted internationally by the World Bank for their, by far the most common reason people suggest as a motive for joining gangs is unemployment. Ethnic solidarity is a common factor in gangs. Black and Hispanic gangs formed during the 1960s in the USA often adapted nationalist rhetoric. Both majority and minority races in society have established gangs in the name of identity: the gang in defend the majority Igbo group violently and through terror, and in the United States, whites who feel threatened by minorities have formed their own gangs, such as the.
Responding to an increasing black and Hispanic migration, a white gang formed called. Some gang members are motivated by religion, as is the case with the.
Identification. Showing a Gangs often establish distinctive, characteristic identifiers including tags, clothing (for example, the -type hoodies), jewelry, hair styles, fingernails, slogans, signs (such as the and the burning cross as the symbols of the Klan), flags secret greetings, or code words and other group-specific symbols associated with the gang's common beliefs, and to define and differentiate themselves from other groups and gangs. As an alternative language, hand-signals, symbols, and slurs in speech, print, music, or other mediums communicate specific informational cues used to threaten, disparage, alarm, influence, or exact specific responses including obedience, submission, fear, or terror. One study focused on terrorism and symbols states that 'symbolism is important because it plays a part in impelling the to act and then in defining the targets of their actions.' Displaying a gang sign, such as the noose, as a symbolic act can be construed as 'a threat to commit communicated with the intent to terrorize another, to cause evacuation of a building, or to cause serious public inconvenience, in reckless disregard of the risk of causing such terror or inconvenience an offense against property or involving danger to another person that may include but is not limited to recklessly endangering another person, ethnic intimidation, and.' The Internet is one of the most significant media used by gangs to communicate in terms of the size of the audience they can reach with minimal effort and reduced risk.
The Internet provides a forum for recruitment activities, typically provoking rival gangs through derogatory postings, and to glorify their gang and themselves. Gangs use the Internet to communicate with each other, facilitate criminal activity, spread their message and culture around the nation.
As Internet pages like MySpace, YouTube, Twitter, AIM, and Facebook become more popular, law enforcement works to understand how to conduct investigations related to gang activity in an online environment. In most cases the police can and will get the information they need, however this requires police officers and federal agents to make formal legal requests for information in a timely manner, which typically requires a search warrant or subpoena to compel the service providers to supply the needed information. A grand jury subpoena or, court order, search warrant; or user consent is needed to get this information pursuant to the Electronic Communication Privacy Act, Title 18 U.S.C. § 2701, et seq. Most gang members have personal web pages or some type of social networking internet account or chat room where they post photos and videos and talk openly about their gang exploits. The majority of the service providers that gang members use are free social networking sites that allow users to create their own profile pages, which can include lists of their favorite musicians, books and movies, photos of themselves and friends, and links to related web pages.
Bloods Street Gang New York
Many of these services also permit users to send and receive private messages and talk in private chat rooms. Often a police officer may stumble upon one of these pages, or an informant can give access to the local gang page. Alternatively, they will have to formally request the needed information. Most service providers have four basic types of information about their users that may be relevant to a criminal investigation; 1) basic identity/subscriber information supplied by the user in creating the account; 2) IP log-in information; 3) files stored in a user's profile (such as 'about me' information or lists of friends); and 4) user sent and received message content. It is important to know the law, and understand what the police can get service providers to do and what their capabilities are. It is also important to understand how gang members use the Internet and how the police can use their desire to be recognized and respected in their sub-culture against them.
Debate surrounding impact In the, law enforcement agencies are increasingly focusing enforcement efforts on gangs and gang membership. However debate persists over the extent and nature of gang activity in the UK, with some academics and policy-makers arguing that the current focus is inadvisable, given a lack of consensus over the relationship between gangs and crime.
The suggests that, despite the well-rehearsed public discourse around youth gangs and 'gang culture', 'We actually know very little about 'gangs' in the UK: about how 'a gang' might be defined or understood, about what being in 'a gang' means. We know still less about how 'the gang' links to levels of youth violence.'
Professor Simon Hallsworth argues that, where they exist, gangs in the UK are 'far more fluid, volatile and amorphous than the myth of the organized group with a corporate structure'. This assertion is supported by a field study conducted by, which found that 'most within- and between-gang disputes. Emanated from interpersonal disputes regarding friends, family and romantic relationships', as opposed to territorial rivalries, and that criminal enterprises were 'rarely gang-coordinated. Most involved gang members operating as individuals or in small groups.' Cottrell-Boyce, writing in the Youth Justice journal, argues that gangs have been constructed as a 'suitable enemy' by politicians and the media, obscuring the wider, structural roots of youth violence.
At the level of enforcement, a focus on gang membership may be counterproductive; creating confusion and resulting in a drag-net approach which can criminalise innocent young people rather than focusing resources on serious violent crime. See also.
A federal judge in Manhattan sentenced the leader of the Bloods street gang to 50 years in prison yesterday, saying she had considered the 'amount of violence and lawlessness' he had encouraged, and 'the absence of much of anything on the positive side of the ledger.' ' The judge, Naomi Reice Buchwald of United States District Court, sentenced the gang leader, Omar Portee, after he made an emotional plea for mercy. Portee said he had founded the gang in prison not to commit crimes but to 'fight oppression,' and that when he left prison, he was nothing like the man prosecutors described as the leader of a gang that terrorized neighborhoods in the Bronx, involved youths in its crimes and tried to attack rivals. 'You're like a doctor looking down on me right now,' Mr. Portee, 33, told Judge Buchwald. 'You could save my life.'
' Federal prosecutors had asked the judge to impose a life sentence on Mr. Portee, who formed the Bloods while an inmate at Rikers Island in 1993, and continued to lead it on the streets of the Bronx after he left prison in 1999. But a federal prosecutor, Daniel M. Gitner, disagreed, calling Mr. Portee 'a dangerous gangster' who sat atop 'perhaps the most violent gang on the East Coast.'
' 'He took over a community,' Mr. Gitner said, seeking a life sentence for Mr.
'His only purpose was to commit crime. There are few people, the government submits, who are more dangerous than someone who does that, than someone who destroys a community.
Gangster Killer Bloods Street Gang![]()
That's something he can do no matter how old he is if he is released.' Portee, who was known on the street as O. Stood for Original Gangster), suggested that his activities had been exaggerated by the government and its witnesses, and his reputation had been blown out of proportion.
New York Bloods Street Gang
'I was nothing like them guys have testified,' he told the judge. 'I wasn't no church guy; I was no angel,' he conceded. But he added: 'Where the money? Where the guns at?' ' He continued: 'The leader of the East Coast massive Bloods should have some kind of homicides under my belt.
I should have some kind of property.' ' The government did not charge that Mr. Portee or anyone acting on his orders killed anyone, but said that they had tried to. Gitner told Judge Buchwald yesterday that Mr. Portee had shown 'a total disregard of human life.' Portee also complained to the judge about being unable to call his family or receive visitors while he has been held.
'It's like I'm a terrorist, your honor,' he said. Kala vedic astrology software free download.
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